Squirrel hunting offers an exciting and accessible way to hone outdoor skills while pursuing a challenging small game quarry. These agile tree-dwelling rodents provide both a rewarding hunt and delicious wild meat for the table. The eastern gray squirrel, fox squirrel, and western gray squirrel are popular targets for hunters across North America.

Successful squirrel hunting requires stealth, patience, and keen observation. Hunters typically seek out hardwood forests with abundant mast-producing trees like oaks and hickories. Early morning and late afternoon tend to be prime times for squirrel activity, especially during spring and fall seasons. Skilled hunters learn to spot subtle movements in the treetops and listen for telltale sounds of squirrels feeding or moving through the canopy.

Various hunting methods can be employed, from quietly stalking through the woods to sitting motionless against a tree trunk. Some hunters prefer shotguns for their wider pattern, while others opt for .22 caliber rifles to test their marksmanship. Regardless of the chosen technique, squirrel hunting serves as an excellent introduction to hunting for beginners and a enjoyable pastime for seasoned outdoorsmen alike.

Understanding Squirrels

Squirrels are fascinating creatures with unique behaviors and adaptations. These agile rodents play important roles in forest ecosystems and provide exciting hunting opportunities.

Squirrel Species

Two primary species are targeted by hunters: the fox squirrel and the gray squirrel. Fox squirrels are larger, with reddish-brown fur and bushy tails. They typically weigh 1-2 pounds.

Gray squirrels are smaller and more common, weighing about 1 pound. Their fur is grayish with white underparts. Both species are found in deciduous and mixed forests across North America.

Red squirrels and flying squirrels also exist but are less commonly hunted due to their smaller size.

Habitat and Diet

Squirrels thrive in wooded areas with abundant mast-producing trees. Oak and hickory forests are prime habitats, providing essential food sources.

Their diet consists mainly of:

• Acorns
• Hickory nuts
• Walnuts
• Berries
• Tree buds
• Mushrooms

Squirrels also consume insects, bird eggs, and even small snakes occasionally. They cache food for winter, burying nuts and seeds in scattered locations.

Behavior Patterns

Squirrels are most active during early morning and late afternoon. They’re diurnal, meaning they sleep at night and forage during daylight hours.

These rodents are excellent climbers, using their sharp claws and strong hind legs to navigate trees effortlessly. When threatened, they employ evasive tactics like circling tree trunks or freezing in place.

Squirrels communicate through various vocalizations and tail movements. Barks, chatters, and tail flicks can signal danger or territorial disputes.

During mating season, male squirrels chase females in energetic displays. This behavior peaks in late winter and early summer.

Legal Considerations

Squirrel hunting is subject to various regulations that protect wildlife populations and ensure ethical hunting practices. Hunters must familiarize themselves with local laws to avoid penalties and maintain sustainable hunting.

Hunting Seasons

Squirrel hunting seasons vary by state and region. In many areas, the season runs from early fall through winter. Some states have spring seasons as well.

California’s tree squirrel season typically starts in mid-September and ends in late January. Seasons for ground squirrels may differ.

Hunters should check their state’s wildlife agency website for exact dates. Hunting outside designated seasons is illegal and can result in fines or license revocation.

Hunting Licenses and Bag Limits

A valid hunting license is required to hunt squirrels legally. Licenses can be purchased online or from authorized retailers. Prices and types vary based on residency status and duration.

Bag limits restrict the number of squirrels a hunter can take per day or season. These limits help maintain healthy populations.

In California, the daily bag limit for tree squirrels is 4 per day, with a possession limit of 4 times the daily bag limit. Ground squirrel limits may differ.

Hunters must carry their license while hunting and be prepared to show it to conservation officers upon request.

Hunting Gear and Weapons

Successful squirrel hunting requires the right equipment. Selecting appropriate firearms, ammunition, and accessories can greatly improve your chances in the field.

Choosing the Right Firearm

Rimfire rifles and shotguns are the most popular choices for squirrel hunting. The .22 LR rifle is a classic option, offering excellent accuracy and low noise. Popular models include the Ruger 10/22 and CZ 457. These rifles are lightweight and easy to maneuver in dense woods.

Shotguns provide a wider shot pattern, making them ideal for moving targets. 20-gauge and 12-gauge shotguns are common choices. The 20-gauge offers less recoil and is lighter, while the 12-gauge provides more power. For younger or smaller-framed hunters, a .410 shotgun can be a good starting point.

Some hunters prefer air rifles for their quiet operation and lower cost of ammunition. High-quality air rifles can be effective for squirrel hunting at shorter ranges.

Ammunition and Chokes

For .22 rifles, hollow point ammunition is often preferred as it expands on impact, increasing effectiveness. The .17 HMR, while less common, offers flatter trajectory and higher velocity.

Shotgun hunters should use #4 to #6 shot sizes for squirrels. These provide a good balance of pellet count and energy retention. When using a shotgun, a full choke or modified choke is recommended to tighten the shot pattern at typical squirrel hunting ranges.

Non-Firearm Options

For those who prefer non-firearm options, slingshots and archery equipment can be effective. High-powered slingshots with steel or lead ammunition can take squirrels at close range. Recurve bows or compound bows with small game arrows are challenging but rewarding options for skilled archers.

Essential Hunting Accessories

Binoculars are crucial for spotting squirrels in dense foliage. Choose a compact pair with 8x or 10x magnification for clear views without excessive weight.

A comfortable hunting vest with ample pockets helps organize gear and carry harvested squirrels. Look for vests with built-in game bags.

Camouflage clothing that matches your hunting environment helps you blend in. Face masks or face paint can prevent squirrels from spotting your silhouette.

A sharp, compact knife is essential for field dressing. Choose a folding knife or fixed-blade with a 3-4 inch blade for easy handling.

Sturdy, waterproof boots provide comfort and protection in various terrains. Opt for quiet, flexible soles to minimize noise while moving through the woods.

Hunting Techniques

Successful squirrel hunting relies on strategic approaches tailored to the animal’s behavior and habitat. Hunters employ various methods to locate and harvest these elusive tree-dwelling creatures.

Stalking Methods

Stalking requires a slow, deliberate approach through the woods. Move quietly, pausing frequently to scan the trees and forest floor. Listen for rustling leaves or chattering sounds. Look for movement in tree branches or tails flicking among foliage.

Wear camouflage clothing to blend with surroundings. Step carefully to avoid crunching leaves or snapping twigs. Use natural cover like tree trunks or large rocks to break up your silhouette.

Take 2-3 steps, then pause for 30-60 seconds. This stop-and-go pattern mimics natural woodland movements, making you less noticeable to alert squirrels.

Spot-and-Stalk Hunting

Spot-and-stalk involves locating squirrels from a distance, then carefully approaching within shooting range. Use binoculars to scan treetops and branches for movement or shapes that appear out of place.

Once a squirrel is spotted, plan a route that uses terrain and vegetation for concealment. Move only when the animal is distracted by feeding or looking away. Freeze if the squirrel becomes alert.

Approach from behind cover whenever possible. Use trees or brush to mask your approach. Be prepared to take a shot quickly when you reach an appropriate distance.

Still-Hunting Strategy

Still-hunting combines short periods of slow movement with extended stationary observation. Choose a promising area with signs of squirrel activity like chewed nuts or bark.

Move 20-30 yards, then settle into a comfortable position against a tree or log. Remain motionless for 15-20 minutes, carefully scanning the surrounding area. Look for subtle movements or shapes that seem out of place.

Focus on likely squirrel feeding areas such as oak or hickory trees. Listen for sounds of feeding or movement in the canopy. Be prepared to shoot quickly when an opportunity presents itself.

Using Hunting Dogs

Trained hunting dogs can significantly increase success rates for squirrel hunters. Breeds like feists, curs, and terriers are well-suited for this task.

Dogs use their keen sense of smell to locate squirrels on the ground or in trees. They will bark to alert the hunter to a squirrel’s location. Some dogs are trained to chase squirrels up trees and keep them there until the hunter arrives.

Work with your dog to develop a system of signals and commands. This allows for effective communication in the field. Always ensure your dog is properly trained and under control to comply with local hunting regulations.

Squirrel Hunting Tactics

Successful squirrel hunting requires a combination of patience, stealth, and precision. Hunters must master various techniques to locate, approach, and harvest these elusive forest dwellers.

Scouting and Locating

Identifying prime squirrel habitat is crucial. Focus on areas with abundant mast-producing trees like oaks and hickories. Listen for rustling leaves and chattering sounds. Scan treetops for movement and look for nests high in the branches.

Ridge lines often serve as travel corridors for squirrels. Check for signs of feeding activity, such as chewed nut shells on the ground. Early morning and late afternoon are peak times for squirrel activity.

Familiarize yourself with different squirrel species in your area. Gray and fox squirrels have distinct habits and preferred habitats. Learning to differentiate between them can improve your hunting success.

The Art of Stillness and Silence

Patience is key when hunting squirrels. Find a comfortable spot against a tree trunk and remain motionless for 10-15 minutes. This allows nearby squirrels to resume their normal activities.

Wear camouflage clothing that matches your surroundings. Break up your silhouette by sitting in shadows or near brush. Minimize unnecessary movement and avoid making noise.

When you need to move, do so slowly and deliberately. Take a few steps, then pause to scan and listen. This stop-and-go approach helps you detect squirrels while minimizing your chances of being spotted.

Effective Shooting Techniques

Accuracy is crucial for ethical and efficient squirrel hunting. Practice shooting from various positions, including sitting and standing. Use a stable rest whenever possible to improve your aim.

Aim for headshots to ensure quick, clean kills and preserve meat. The vitals area behind the front shoulder is also an effective target. Be patient and wait for clear shots rather than rushing difficult ones.

Choose appropriate firearms and ammunition. .22 caliber rifles are popular for their accuracy and low noise. For shotguns, use smaller shot sizes like #6 or #7.5 to minimize meat damage.

Field Dressing and Handling Game

Field dress squirrels promptly to preserve meat quality. Make a small incision at the base of the tail and peel the hide down towards the head. Remove the entrails and rinse the carcass with clean water.

Keep harvested squirrels cool by storing them in a game bag away from direct sunlight. If temperatures are warm, consider packing them on ice.

Learn proper skinning techniques to efficiently process your harvest. Many hunters prefer the “tail-cut” method for its simplicity and effectiveness.

Always follow local regulations regarding harvest limits and hunting seasons. Properly dispose of any unused parts to minimize environmental impact and avoid attracting predators to your hunting area.

Advanced Hunting Skills

Mastering advanced squirrel hunting techniques requires honing specific skills and understanding key environmental factors. These abilities can significantly improve success rates and overall hunting experiences.

Woodsmanship and Tracking

Developing strong woodsmanship skills is crucial for advanced squirrel hunting. Learn to identify different hardwood species, as squirrels favor certain trees for food and shelter. Oak, hickory, and beech trees are particularly attractive to squirrels.

Pay close attention to the ground for signs of squirrel activity. Look for partially eaten nuts, bark scraps, and small diggings in the leaf litter. These indicate recent foraging.

Recognize squirrel tracks in soft soil or snow. Their front paws leave small, four-toed prints, while hind paws show five toes. Track patterns can reveal travel routes and feeding areas.

Practice moving quietly through the woods. Use soft steps and avoid snapping twigs or rustling leaves. This stealth allows hunters to get closer to their quarry without detection.

Understanding Weather Patterns

Weather plays a significant role in squirrel behavior and hunting success. Squirrels are most active on calm, clear days with moderate temperatures.

Light rain or drizzle can be ideal for hunting, as the moisture dampens leaves and reduces noise. Heavy rain or strong winds typically keep squirrels in their dens.

Barometric pressure changes often trigger increased squirrel activity. A rising barometer after a storm can lead to excellent hunting conditions.

Cold fronts can spur intense feeding activity as squirrels prepare for harsh weather. Take advantage of these periods for productive hunts.

Monitor long-term weather patterns to predict prime hunting days. Plan trips around optimal conditions for the best results.

Strategies for Different Times of Day

Squirrel activity varies throughout the day, requiring hunters to adapt their strategies accordingly. Early morning and late afternoon are typically the most productive times.

At sunrise, focus on areas where squirrels feed. Look for movement in treetops and listen for bark-scratching sounds. Use a shotgun for fast-moving targets in dim light.

Midday hunting can be challenging but rewarding. Target dense stands of hardwoods where squirrels might seek shade. Move slowly and scan for subtle movements.

As dusk approaches, squirrels often become active again. Position yourself near den trees or along travel routes between feeding and nesting areas.

Patience is key during all hunting periods. Remain still and alert, as squirrels may freeze at the slightest disturbance before resuming activity.

Ethics and Conservation

Ethical squirrel hunting practices prioritize animal welfare and environmental stewardship. Responsible hunters contribute to wildlife management efforts while adhering to conservation principles.

Responsible Hunting Practice

Ethical squirrel hunters follow strict guidelines to ensure humane and sustainable practices. They use appropriate firearms and ammunition to make clean, quick kills. Hunters must obtain proper licenses and adhere to bag limits set by wildlife authorities.

Respect for the animal is paramount. Hunters aim to utilize as much of the harvested squirrel as possible, minimizing waste. They also practice safe firearm handling and are mindful of other forest users.

Ethical hunters avoid hunting during breeding seasons to protect young squirrels and maintain healthy populations. They refrain from baiting or using calls that might disrupt natural behaviors.

Contribution to Wildlife Management

Squirrel hunting plays a role in wildlife conservation efforts. Regulated hunting helps maintain balanced ecosystems by controlling squirrel populations. This prevents overpopulation, which can lead to habitat destruction and resource depletion.

Hunters often participate in citizen science projects, reporting their observations and harvest data to wildlife agencies. This information aids in population monitoring and informs management decisions.

Revenue from hunting licenses and equipment taxes funds conservation programs. These resources support habitat restoration, research, and education initiatives that benefit squirrels and other wildlife species.

By removing excess animals, hunting can reduce competition for resources and improve the overall health of squirrel populations. It also helps maintain genetic diversity by preventing overcrowding in specific areas.

Preparation and Cooking

Proper preparation and cooking techniques are essential for enjoying squirrel meat. These methods ensure the meat is clean, tender, and flavorful.

Cleaning and Preparing Squirrel Meat

Start by removing the squirrel’s skin and entrails. Cut off the head, feet, and tail. Rinse the carcass thoroughly under cold water.

Inspect the meat for any remaining hair or debris. Use tweezers to remove any stray hairs.

Cut the squirrel into quarters or smaller pieces for easier cooking. Some hunters prefer to separate the legs and backstrap.

Soak the meat in saltwater for a few hours to remove any gamey flavor. This step is optional but can improve taste.

Pat the meat dry with paper towels before cooking. This helps achieve a better sear when frying or grilling.

Cooking Methods and Recipes

Slow cooking is ideal for squirrel meat. It tenderizes the tough muscle fibers. Use a crock pot or pressure cooker for best results.

Braising squirrel in chicken broth enhances its flavor. Add vegetables and herbs for a hearty stew.

Frying is another popular method. Dredge squirrel pieces in seasoned flour and fry until golden brown.

Squirrel can be substituted for chicken in many recipes. Try it in pot pies, tacos, or pasta dishes.

Grilling works well for younger squirrels. Marinate the meat first to keep it moist.

A classic recipe is squirrel and dumplings. Simmer the meat until tender, then add homemade dumplings.

Squirrel meat has a mild, nutty flavor. It pairs well with robust seasonings like garlic, rosemary, and black pepper.

Additional Resources for Hunters

Aspiring and experienced squirrel hunters can benefit from a wealth of resources to enhance their skills and knowledge. These include comprehensive guides, online tutorials, and supportive hunting communities.

Guides and Tutorials

Many reputable hunting organizations offer detailed guides on squirrel hunting techniques. The MeatEater website provides “The Complete Guide to Hunting Squirrels,” which covers stalking skills and precision shooting. Field & Stream magazine publishes articles with tips and recipes for preparing squirrel meat.

Online video platforms host numerous tutorials on squirrel hunting. These cover topics like selecting appropriate firearms, scouting locations, and field dressing techniques. Some popular channels feature experienced hunters demonstrating proper shooting stances and effective camouflage methods.

Hunting equipment manufacturers often produce instructional content. Their websites may offer gear recommendations tailored for squirrel hunting, such as choosing between rimfire rifles and shotguns.

Hunting Communities and Support

Local hunting clubs provide valuable networking opportunities for new and seasoned hunters alike. These organizations often host events, workshops, and group hunts focused on small game like squirrels. Members can share tips, favorite hunting spots, and equipment recommendations.

Online forums and social media groups dedicated to squirrel hunting allow enthusiasts to connect globally. These platforms facilitate discussions on hunting strategies, local regulations, and conservation efforts. Many experienced hunters in these communities are willing to mentor beginners.

State wildlife agencies typically offer resources for new hunters, including safety courses and information on hunting opportunities. Their websites often list public lands open for squirrel hunting and provide updates on season dates and bag limits.